These agents can act and interact in an almost infinite variety of ways. Sedimentary or igneous rock altered by great heat or pressure, e. Some of the worksheets for this concept are rocks and minerals, reading comprehension work and kids fable, name types of rocks, igneous rocks, metamorphic rocks, rocks and minerals, rock work, chapter 2 alaskas igneous rocks. Igneous rocks form when rocks are heated to the melting point which forms magma. Metamorphism methamorphic rocks are geologically classified as one of the major group of rocks which have been formed out of metamorphism of preexisting igneous and sedimentary rocks. Limestone cac03 marble cyystnls grow larger mantle rock peridotite sevpentinite metamor hic settin parent rock grade. This can occur on sedimentary rock, igneous rock or another older metamorphic rock. Metamorphic rock metamorphic rock structural features. Metamorphic rocks metamorphic rocks are rocks from sedimentary and igneous origin that have been changed through high pressures and temperatures during orogenesis mountain building or during igneous intrusion contact metamorphism metamorphic rocks cont. Metamorphic rocks can be formed from any type of older material. It includes a section for notes, a data collection c.
Rocks and minerals unit the science zonewhere everyones. Types of rocks and their properties pdf download geography the earths crust is composed of rocks. Sep 2, 20 for the past couple of weeks, the kiddos have been learning about the different rock types. Rocks are formed on earth as igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks. This quiz will help you judge how well you understand the key characteristics of metamorphic rocks with questions about its creation and examples of this. Metamorphism is the change in the form of crustal rocks exposed to heat, pressure, hydrothermal fluids, or a combination of these agents in the absence of melting. Metamorphic rocks use visuals figure 14 ask students to describe the rocks. Usually these melts are felsic with the mafic material remaining metamorphic. Remove the metamorphic crayon from the foil packet, and break the crayon rock into. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are further classified based on their composition. If the schist is exposed to even higher temperature and pressure, it will become gneiss a different kind of gneiss than the granitic gneiss because slate is its. Throughout this lesson, students will explain the formation of metamorphic rocks as a result of. On figure 2 of the student handout, the arrow from sedimentary rock can be labeled metamorphism, heat and pressure that transforms the rock.
How far beneath the surface does shale begin to metamorphose to slate. Igneous rocks with a finegrained texture grains generally tiny or too small to see are volcanic in origin. Agents of metamorphism heat pressure chemical activity heat is the most important agent of metamorphism. Be sure you have an application to open this file type before downloading. If the temperature of metamorphism is high enough for partial melting of the rock to occur, the.
After all, most rocks have been around for millions of years. Composition and texture, therefore, are used as criteria for classifying metamorphic rocks see figure 6. What is the relationship between rock temperature and depth beneath the. Metamorphic rocks and processes metamorphism comes from the greek words meta change morphe form metamorphic rocks form by solidstate no melting transformation of preexisting rock by processes that take place beneath earths surface. They are specimens of rocks that have undergone changes while remaining solid and deep within the earths crust. Jul 31, 2019 rocks and stones are hard solids of natural origin and made of minerals. The four main agents that metamorphose rocks are heat, pressure, fluids, and strain. Origin, texture, and classification of metamorphic rocks. Some of the pdf files are animations they contain more than one page that can be shown in sequence to see changes as temperature or some other variable changes. Ii origin, texture, and classification of metamorphic rocks teklewold ayalew encyclopedia of life support systems eolss essentially in the solid state.
Metamorphic rocks are the third great class of rocks. The chart below summarizes the parent rock, setting, and grade of common metamorphic rocks. Barriers to college students learning how rocks form eric. Metasomatism is described as a process by which metamorphic rocks may gradually change into granite igneous rock. Metamorphic rocks in nature shale to slate metamorphism deformation of sedimentary rocks metamorphic rocks record how temperature and pressure affected an area when it was forming. Knowledge of metamorphic processes and rocks is valuable, because metamorphic minerals and rocks have economic value. They occur when sedimentary and igneous rocks become changed, or metamorphosed, by conditions underground. Igneous and metamorphic rocks need exotic conditions to form. Lecture notes petrology earth, atmospheric, and planetary. Rocks and minerals unit big rocks are called pebbles. Classification of metamorphic rocks is based on mineral assemblage, texture, protolith, and bulk chemical composition of the rock.
The heat and pressure can change the composition and appearance of the minerals in rocks. Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic here are some of the handson activities we completed while learning about their differences. Metamorphic rock definition of metamorphic rock by the. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks do not typically have a planar structure no foliation these metamorphic rocks are produced in environments where directed stresses are minimal i. Introduction, history of the earth and geological time, notes1. However, metamorphic rocks can form from metamorphic parent rocks as well. Each of these will be discussed in turn, then we will summarize how metamorphic rocks are classified. Display the handout on the smartboard and model how to investigate a. Also, the chapters introduction and grade have undergone several major changes. Metamorphic rocks virginia department of education. Ii origin, texture, and classification of metamorphic rocks teklewold ayalew encyclopedia of life support systems eolss some metamorphic rocks, particularly those buried to depths of several kilometers, contain numerous veins rich in quartz and feldspar. Economic uses metamorphic rocks are very hard and can be used in the construction industry. Recrystallization produces a rock that has fewer larger crystals than the preexisting rock. Metamorphic rocks supplement geol 1010 changes that occur.
Start studying the rock cycle and methamorphic rocks. Feb 17, 2016 the banded rocks in the cliffs beyond the mountain hut were originally lavas and sediments formed in the sea. Oct 29, 20 metamorphism methamorphic rocks are geologically classified as one of the major group of rocks which have been formed out of metamorphism of preexisting igneous and sedimentary rocks. Rocks that form from the cooling of magma below the earths crust or lava are called igneous rocks. This lab is a simple identification lab which can be used with any 6 or less metamorphic rocks listed on the esrt that teachers have in stock. Sep 18, 2019 metamorphic rocks are the third great class of rocks. This new edition of petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks has several completely revised chapters and all chapters have updated references and redrawn. Exposure to these extreme conditions has altered the mineralogy, texture, and chemical composition of the rocks. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Metamorphic rocks are best identified when looking at the rock as you see them in nature.
Sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rock projects. Depending on the location, metamorphism can occur on a local or regional scale. The primary textural attributes in metamorphic rocks are the presence or. Teams work together to identify physical properties of rocks in order to determine the properties that would best suit their cavern shelter design. Distribute copies of the attached metamorphic rocks activities handout. Metamorphic rock is rock that has changed from one type of rock into another. Rocks and stones are hard solids of natural origin and made of minerals. Normally a geothermal gradient increases in temperature with depth at about 30c per kilometer. But even a small rock you find in your yard is pretty amazing.
Read the information below carefully and answer the questions that follow on the back side of this paper. Gcse geography revision section covering metamorphic rocks. The term orthometamorphic and parametamorphic rocks are applied to those rocks which have originated from igneous and sedimentary rocks, respectively. On the basis of mode of formation the rocks are divided into three categories. The x axis is temperature in celsius and the y axis is kilometers below the surface. Rocks, rocks, rocks lesson plan for 6th 8th grade lesson.
In many cases, the correlation of metamorphic isograds and their position in the structure implies a genetic relationship. Therefore, the beryl crystals in proximal metamorphic rocks prompted the present. Including explanation of contact and regional metamorphism and the conditions in which they commonly form. All the rocks in the world are made up of chemicals called minerals. Describing metamorphic rocks worksheet students will learn how metamorphic rocks form and get handson practice at telling if a metamorphic rock is foliated or nonfoliated. Examples of metamorphic rocks are slate and marble.
Metamorphic rock is produced from igneous rock rock formed from the cooling and hardening of magma, sedimentary rock rock formed from compressed and solidified layers of organic or inorganic matter, or existing. Metamorphic rocks have been modified by heat, pressure, and chemical processes, usually while buried deep below earths surface. The rock mass does not normally disaggregate and lose coherence entirely. Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks raregeologybookss blog. Lecture notes metamorphism introduction metamorphism is a change of form that includes the growth of new minerals, typically in response to a rise in temperature and normally without the involvement of a magma. Mathscience nucleus 2001 1 metamorphic rocks teacher guide including lesson plans, student readers, and more information lesson 1 formation of metamorphic rocks lesson 2 metamorphic rock classification chart lesson 3 metamorphic rocks lab lesson 4 the many facies of metamorphic rocks lesson 5 michelangelo and marble designed to be used as an electronic textbook. Igneous rocks with a coarsegrained texture generally, all or almost all grains at least sandsized, over 1 mm in diameter are going to be plutonic in origin having crystallized slowly, underground.
Metamorphic rocks make up a large part of the continental crust. The foliation is usually perpendicular to the direction of the applied stress. Some common rocks can be scratched with your fingernails such as shale, soapstone, gypsum rock, and peat. This 3page worksheet is to be used for notes and a handson activity. Texture in metamorphic rocks individual minerals may or may not be bounded by crystal faces. Instruct students to examine the specimens and complete questions 1 through 6 on the worksheet. Follows this introductory reference table lab attached below. Metamorphic rocks are often intimately related to largescale kilometres of tens of kilometres structural features of earth. Classification of metamorphic rocks depends on what is visible in the rock and its degree of metamorphism.
The banded rocks in the cliffs beyond the mountain hut were originally lavas and sediments formed in the sea. Deposits of dead plants and animals are also called sediments. Metamorphic pt phase diagrams click on an image or the link in the caption, and a pdf file of the diagram will download to your computer. Tiny rocks as small as grains of salt are called boulders. If the temperature of metamorphism is high enough for partial melting of the rock to occur, the changes would still be called metamorphism until the melt is separated from its. Magma is molten rock, but is not just liquid also contains bits of. Metamorphic rocks pictures of foliated and nonfoliated types. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the cementing together of sediments, or from the compaction squeezing together of sediments, or from the recrystallization of new mineral grains which are larger than the. All of the activities below come from aims earth rocks. Metamorphic rock is the result of the transformation of a preexisting rock type in a process called metamorphism, which means change in form. They are also used for rip rap in coastal defence schemes. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks nonfoliated rocks lack a planar fabric. Rocks undergoing metamorphism will experience changes in both composition and texture. This series of activities is geared towards metamorphic rocks, which are created when a rock is exposed.
Igneous metamorphic and sedimentary rocks worksheets. The word metamorphic from greek means of changing form. Every metamorphic rock has a parent rock protolith. The rocks provide clues to their transformation into a metamorphic rocks. For example, slate and marble are building materials, garnets are used as gemstones. The process by which metamorphic rocks are produced is called metamorphism. Metamorphic rocks are usually highly deformed because they have been subjected to high temperature and pressure. Matthew nyman, terc and lenni armstrong, informmotion. G2401 lab 1 handout 1 lab 1 handout igneous and metamorphic.
Formation of metamorphic rocks, tectonic plate movements, physical and chemical change, heat and extreme pressure. This rocks, rocks, rocks lesson plan is suitable for 6th 8th grade. Others may be soft in the ground, but they harden once they spend time in the air. Study 62 terms the rock cycle and methamorphic rocks. The primary textural attributes in metamorphic rocks are the presence or absence of foliation and mineral grain size. Examples of metamorphic rocks include gneiss, slate, marble, schist, and quartzite.
Such features include folds, nappes, and faults with a wide variety of geometries. Displaying top 8 worksheets found for igneous metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Since new minerals are created during metamorphism, the end product metamorphic. Rocks and minerals the ground we walk on, build on, and grow gardens on is made of rock. Depending on the way a rock has formed it will belong to one of these groups. Teaching students about the rock cycle creates a firm basis for geology. Deep drilling in the stable platform shows that the bulk of the continental crust is also made up of metamorphic rocks. Here, the lighter brown rocks in the upper part of the cliff are calcareous schists formed from impure limestones, and the dark rocks below are mainly metamorphosed. Explain the difference between foliated and nonfoliated metamorphic rocks. Metamorphic rocks are rocks that change form under heat and pressure.
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